The meta data that most people think of when putting images online is the alt text that virtually everybody who has thrown up a blog has some grasp of. Google and the search beasts can't view images "as if through our eyes" so they rely on us telling what the image is about. This data about the image data is what meta data boils down to.
At the most basic level, save your image files with a descriptive / keyword rich filename. After that, the possibilities vary for each file format. Here we have a very brief look at what can be done with 2 very common formats: jpg and png.
However bear in mind that what ever you do with the files and however much data you do embed in the image file, different social media platforms and image hosting services show different degrees of respect towards your work.
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